Lab # 2

This picture below is the final matching phenotypes for the two dragons.This Piture is the final stage of the punnet square.

The traits or characteristics of an organism are determined by genes. The gene for a particular trait can have two or more different forms, which are called alleles. For every gene, a person has two alleles, one inherited from each parent. The combination of inherited alleles represents the genetic makeup, or genotype, of the organism. The way a genotype is expressed in an organism is called its phenotype. For many traits the phenotype is a result of an interaction between the genotype and the environment.
For a specific trait, some alleles may be dominant while others may be recessive. The phenotype of a dominant allele is expressed regardless of what the other allele is, while the phenotype of a recessive allele is expressed only when both alleles are recessive. However, in some cases, one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele, and the resulting phenotype is a combination of each allele's phenotype. This is known as incomplete dominance. In addition, some traits are determined by a combination of several genes, and the resulting phenotype is determined by the final combination of alleles of all the genes that govern a particular trait.

Phenotype:

This is the "outward, physical manifestation" of the organism. These are the physical parts, the sum of the atoms, molecules, macromolecules, cells, structures, metabolism, energy utilization, tissues, organs, reflexes and behaviors; anything that is part of the observable structure, function or behavior of a living organism.

Genotype:

This is the "internally coded, inheritable information" carried by all living organisms. This stored information is used as a "blueprint" or set of instructions for building and maintaining a living creature. These instructions are found within almost all cells, they are written in a coded language (the genetic code), they are copied at the time of cell division or reproduction and are passed from one generation to the next. These instructions are intimately involved with all aspects of the life of a cell or an organism. They control everything from the formation of protein macromolecules, to the regulation of metabolism and synthesis.
Allele-

One member of a pair or series of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome.

Recessive Inheritance-
Both parents carry a normal gene (N), and a faulty, recessive, gene (n). The parents, although carriers, are unaffected by the faulty gene. Their offspring are affected, not affected, or carriers.

Dominant Inheritance-
One parent has a single, faulty dominant gene (D), which overpowers its normal counterpart (d), affecting that parent. When the affected parent mates with an unaffected and non-carrier mate (dd), the offspring are either affected or not affected, but they are not carriers.