The microscope is an invaluable tool in today's research and education. It is used in a wide range of scientific fields, where major discoveries in biology, medicine and materials research are based on advances in microscopy.
From the simple light microscope different techniques have evolved, aimed at making it possible to see certain objects or processes. Scientists use electron microscopes in order to get extraordinary resolution, microscopes that give three-dimensional images of surfaces or biological molecules, and microscopes that mark out specific substances.
The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy, and the term microscopic means minute or very small, not easily visible with the unaided eye. In other words, requiring a microscope to examine.
The most common type of microscope—and the first to be invented—is the optical microscope. This is an optical instrument containing one or more lenses that produce an enlarged image of an object placed in the focal plane of the lens(es). There are, however, many other microscope designs.
Focus Knob Adjustment:
Microscopes are separated into two main types:
optical theory microscopes
scanning probe microscopes
Optical theory microscopes - microscopes which function through the optical theory of lenses in order to magnify the image generated by the passage of a wave through the sample.
From the simple light microscope different techniques have evolved, aimed at making it possible to see certain objects or processes. Scientists use electron microscopes in order to get extraordinary resolution, microscopes that give three-dimensional images of surfaces or biological molecules, and microscopes that mark out specific substances.
The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy, and the term microscopic means minute or very small, not easily visible with the unaided eye. In other words, requiring a microscope to examine.
The most common type of microscope—and the first to be invented—is the optical microscope. This is an optical instrument containing one or more lenses that produce an enlarged image of an object placed in the focal plane of the lens(es). There are, however, many other microscope designs.
Focus Knob Adjustment:
Tension of the coarse and fine adjustment knobs can be adjusted. Again, various mechanical methods have been designed. Some microscopes are adjusted by simply turning the knobs on each side of the microscope in opposite directions to tighten or loosen as desired. Others have adjustable collars on the shaft and require the use of specially designed collar-wrenches or allen wrenches to make the adjustments. Moving the collars out usually provides more tension. If your microscope requires unique collar-wrenches, obtain these from your microscope supplier.
Condenser
A lens or system of lenses which collects light rays and converges them to a focus.
Depth of field
The ability of a lens to furnish an image above and below the focal plane; depth of field decreases with the increase in aperture or with an increase in magnification.
DIN
(Abbreviation for Deutsches Institut fur Normung) A German national standards body which has set internationally accepted standards for a variety of devices, including optics.
Field of view
The area which is seen through a lens system. In a microscope, it is the circular area viewed through the eyepiece. It will vary depending upon the magnification.
High power
The high power objective in the nosepiece of the microscope. Usually the objective in the 40X range is called the high power objective. If the scope has an oil immersion lens (100X), it is not referred to as the high power objective.
Intermediate power
The middle power objective; usually 10X.
Low power
The lowest power objective; usually 4X.
Magnification
The number of times an object is increased in size by a lens system.
Numerical aperture (N.A.)
A mathematical formula devised by Ernst Abbe for the direct comparison of the resolving power of objective lenses; the higher the N.A. the more complex and expensive the lens system becomes.
Parfocal
Characteristic of a microscope which allows the rotation from one objective to another and only requiring a small, fine focus adjustment to be in focus.
Ocular lens
The lenses closest to the eye; also called the eyepieces.
Objective lens
Any of the compound lenses mounted on the nosepiece.
Oil immersion
A high power objective (usually 100X) which requires an oil medium to focus the maximum light when in focus.
Rack and pinion
A device for interconversion of a rotary motion and a linear motion. Turning the pinion (small cog wheel) engaged in the rack (toothed bar) causes the slow linear motion of the up and down movement in the microscope.
Resolving power
The capacity of the optics to distinguish and separate fine detail, i.e., two points. The resolving power is limited by the N.A. of the objective and the substage condenser. The higher the N.A. the greater the resolving power.
A lens or system of lenses which collects light rays and converges them to a focus.
Depth of field
The ability of a lens to furnish an image above and below the focal plane; depth of field decreases with the increase in aperture or with an increase in magnification.
DIN
(Abbreviation for Deutsches Institut fur Normung) A German national standards body which has set internationally accepted standards for a variety of devices, including optics.
Field of view
The area which is seen through a lens system. In a microscope, it is the circular area viewed through the eyepiece. It will vary depending upon the magnification.
High power
The high power objective in the nosepiece of the microscope. Usually the objective in the 40X range is called the high power objective. If the scope has an oil immersion lens (100X), it is not referred to as the high power objective.
Intermediate power
The middle power objective; usually 10X.
Low power
The lowest power objective; usually 4X.
Magnification
The number of times an object is increased in size by a lens system.
Numerical aperture (N.A.)
A mathematical formula devised by Ernst Abbe for the direct comparison of the resolving power of objective lenses; the higher the N.A. the more complex and expensive the lens system becomes.
Parfocal
Characteristic of a microscope which allows the rotation from one objective to another and only requiring a small, fine focus adjustment to be in focus.
Ocular lens
The lenses closest to the eye; also called the eyepieces.
Objective lens
Any of the compound lenses mounted on the nosepiece.
Oil immersion
A high power objective (usually 100X) which requires an oil medium to focus the maximum light when in focus.
Rack and pinion
A device for interconversion of a rotary motion and a linear motion. Turning the pinion (small cog wheel) engaged in the rack (toothed bar) causes the slow linear motion of the up and down movement in the microscope.
Resolving power
The capacity of the optics to distinguish and separate fine detail, i.e., two points. The resolving power is limited by the N.A. of the objective and the substage condenser. The higher the N.A. the greater the resolving power.
Microscopes are separated into two main types:
optical theory microscopes
scanning probe microscopes
Optical theory microscopes - microscopes which function through the optical theory of lenses in order to magnify the image generated by the passage of a wave through the sample.
This is what I saw at 40x magnification.
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